Entombed microbes flourish again in lab By RANDOLPH E. SCHMID, AP Science Writer

Entombed microbes flourish again in lab By RANDOLPH E. SCHMID, AP Science Writer
Mon Aug 6, 5:04 PM ET



WASHINGTON - Microorganisms locked in Antarctic ice for 100,000 years and more came to life and resumed growing when given warmth and nutrients in a laboratory.

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Researchers led by Kay Bidle of Rutgers University tested five samples of ice ranging in age from 100,000 years to 8 million years.

"We didn't really know what to expect. We knew that microorganisms were really hardy," Bidle, an assistant professor of marine and coastal sciences, said in a telephone interview.

The findings are reported in Monday's online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The researchers tested samples of the oldest known ice on Earth and had success at growing bacteria from the younger samples.

Microorganisms from the older ice didn't do as well, growing only very slowly. Some of the oldest microorganisms were watched for as long as a year, he said, compared to the week or so it usually takes to culture bacteria.

Calling the ice cores "gene popsicles," the researchers found evidence of some the most common bacteria still around, including firmicutes, proteobacteria and actinobacteria.

These are microorganisms that have been around a long time, Bidle said, "not something Earth hasn't seen before."

Bidle's researchers found that the DNA in bacteria deteriorates sharply after about 1.1 million years.

He said that after 1.1 million years the size of the DNA gets cut in half. In the oldest ice it consisted of just 210 units strung together. Normally the DNA of the average bacterium has about 3 million units.

Studying these life forms helps in "understanding the geological and physiological limits of life on Earth under different conditions," he explained.

In addition, there is interest in looking for life on other planets and how long microorganisms might have remained viable under cold, icy conditions on places like Mars.

Finally, he added, most of life on Earth consists of microbes. "They live in every possible environment ... so learning about microbes and what they can withstand and what their limits are is important to understanding how the Earth works over long periods of time."

The research was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Korea Antarctic Research Program.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: http://www.pnas.org